Language Explosion = Speech Intelligibility Issues

As I mentioned, almost in passing, Ava was discharged from speech therapy at the end of the school year. I was fine with that. She had achieved all of her goals working on specific age-appropriate sound targets. We finally got the /k/ and /g/ sounds even at the conversational level and the only sounds she makes errors with at the word level aren't eligible for therapy until she's much older. Besides, we were beginning homeschooling, and as a SLP myself, I'd rather do therapy here at home from here on out.

I've taken a more laid back approach with Ava at home. Once she started making progress and her intelligibility was no longer an issue, I decided to let structured therapy happen with her therapists and let her time at home with Mama just be Mama time. And it has been fine. She's doing so well. Most people can understand her most of the time. You would no longer pick her out from a crowd of her peers and notice her speech. All of these things are wonderful and amazing and facts I wish I could have known about two or three years ago. It would have saved me so much worry.

However... She's 4. She has so much to say. Her language skills are perfectly normal and so her sentence length and grammatical complexity are shooting up. She want to tell stories and participate in active conversations and is competing with an extremely verbal older brother. And we're starting to have trouble understanding her again. It certainly isn't all the time, but several times a week she'll say something and we won't have any idea what a couple of key words are. We'll ask her to repeat herself, and that doesn't help. I'm finding myself asking questions like, "Can you tell me something else about it?", or "What does it do?" in order to try to figure out what she's trying to tell me.

Some of that is specific sound errors. She has a consistent /v/ for voiced /th/ and /f/ for voiceless /th/ substitution. /w/ and /r/ are weak. But some of it is the mild apraxia rearing it's head as utterance length and complexity increases. Soon it will be time to incorporate some structured speech therapy into our homeschooling routine. If it weren't affecting her intelligibility, I would wait. But it is. So, soon...

Free Simple Articulation Screening Tool

For those of you who are new, I'm a Speech-Language Pathologist. I also have a daughter with Childhood Apraxia of Speech who wasn't talking at the age of two. Look back in the archives for the full journey, but to simplify things a lot, she made a great deal of progress once we began intensive therapy. Several months later she had enough speech to attempt an articulation test. Hahahaha. I'm sure some of you have tried a GFTA with an apraxic two year old so you know where I'm coming from here. It took us three sessions. And it was a mess. Think about the stimuli on a GFTA. There are so many of them. They are multisyllablic. The problems with the instrument in the context of severe apraxia with a young child are purely practical.

I just needed a quick, simple, way to gather data about the phonemic inventory of a young child with a severe speech delay while maximizing their chances of success. That meant I needed simple stimuli (CVC words) and a short test (appropriate for short attention spans). So I made my own. And I used it and found it useful. Then it sat in a folder on my computer for two years.

Recently I decided I wanted to re-screen Ava's speech. Now, of course, she could participate in a standardized articulation assessment without a problem, but I don't own one, so I dug out the screening I made two years ago to use again. All of the reasons it worked then make it an extremely easy instrument to readminister now. I thought I would share the instrument with all of you.

If you like this free articulation screener, you might want to check out the premium speech therapy kits now available in the Testy Shop. Kits include expanded speech sound card sets, illustrated minimal pairs, homework sheets and more in a single download.

Simple Articulation Screening

Description

This is a tool designed to screen the phonetic inventory and articulation errors of young children with severe speech delays. The screening is comprised of picture stimuli of 22 CVC words. Prompts are provided on the back of each stimulus card. Results can be analyzed for individual articulation errors and for patterns of phonological processing errors.

Permissions

I give permission to copy, print, or distribute this articulation screening provided that:

1. Each copy makes clear that I am the document's author.
2. No copies are altered without my express consent.
3. No one makes a profit from these copies.
4. Electronic copies contain a live link back to my original and print copies not for merely personal use contain the URL of my original.

To download click on each image to open it full size. Then right click on the image, choose "save as" and save the page to your computer.

I recommend you print on cardstock or laminate for durability.

Looking for Feedback

I would love to hear back from anyone who uses this card set. Let me know if you find errors or there is anything you would change. Comment on this page, or send me an email at testyyettrying(at)gmail(dot)com.

Where can I find more?

Speech therapy picture card sets are on my Download/Print Free Speech Articulation Materials page. Other card sets include /p, b, t, d, m, n, h, f, v, k, g, w, j, s, z, l, r, th, ch, sh, ʤ, s-blends, and l-blends/. More sets are being added regularly.

Sorting by Category: Free Speech Therapy Picture Cards

If you like this free card set, you might want to check out the premium speech therapy kits now available in the Testy Shop. Kits include expanded speech sound card sets, illustrated minimal pairs, homework sheets and more in a single download.

Sorting by Category Card Set

To download click on the image to open it full size. Then right click on the image, choose "save as" and save the page to your computer.

I recommend you print on cardstock or laminate for durability.

Description

This speech therapy picture card set includes 30 picture cards. There are five cards in each of six categories: animals, transportation, toys, food, body parts, and clothing.

Permissions

I give permission to copy, print, or distribute this card set provided that:

1. Each copy makes clear that I am the document's author.
2. No copies are altered without my express consent.
3. No one makes a profit from these copies.
4. Electronic copies contain a live link back to my original and print copies not for merely personal use contain the URL of my original.

Looking for Feedback

I would love to hear back from anyone who uses this card set. Let me know if you find errors or there is anything you would change. Comment on this page, or send me an email at testyyettrying(at)gmail(dot)com.

Where can I find more?

More sets are on my Download/Print Free Speech Articulation Materials page. Other card sets include /p, b, t, d, m, n, h, f, v, k, g, w, j, s, z, l, r, th, ch, sh, ʤ, s-blends, and l-blends/ and more sets are being added regularly.

What kinds of activities can I do with this cardset?

1. 10 Card Set Game and Activity Ideas
   
2. Simple Speech Card Puzzles
   
3. Speech Card Stories
   
4. Speech Card Caterpillar
   
5. Speech Card Game: What's Hiding?
   
6. Speech Card Game: Speech Switcheroo (An Uno-Style Game)
   
7. Speech Card Set Activity: Magnetic Speech Cards
   
8. Speech Card Game: Speech Fours
   
9. Speech Card Game: Old Maid
   
10. Speech Card Set Activity: Bang!
    
11. Speech Card Set Activity: What's Hiding Behind Door Number...?
    
12. Speech Card Set Activity: Customizing a Homework Sheet
    
13. Speech Card Set Activity: Making a Simple Sentence Flipbook
    
14. Speech Game: Find-It
    
15. Speech Card Set Activity: Speech Art Collage
    
16. Speech Card Set Activity: Speech Crowns
    
17. Speech Card Set Activity: Simple Treasure Hunt
    
18. Speech Card Set Activity: Speech for Beads
    
19. Speech Card Set Activity: Easy Speech Sort
    

Initial Z Printable Speech Activity: Color By Word

Practice /z/ in Initial Position

Click on the image to open it to full size and then right click to save it to your computer.

Enjoy! If you like this activity, look for other free printables and therapy ideas or my comprehensive speech therapy kits.

Final G Printable Speech Game: Finish First Game Board

Practice /g/ in Final Position

Click on the image to open it to full size and then right click to save it to your computer.

Print the game board and gather a die and a small game piece for each player. Put the game pieces on the start box, decide who will go first, and let that person begin by rolling the die and moving that number of squares on the game board.

You can have the players practice the words in isolation, in pairs, in phrases, or in sentences. You can provide models and cues if necessary. Adapt the stimuli to the level your student needs to work at.

When you're done, review the words for additional simple drill practice. Then send the game board home or to the classroom for extra practice.

If you are a parent practicing at home, save the game board in a binder to play again another time. You could also have your child play with a younger or older sibling or send it to an aunt or grandparent's house for extra practice.

This worksheet was adapted from the medial /f/ version of the game board included in the /f/ Speech Kit that will be available soon in the Testy Shop.

Enjoy!

20 Brain Breaks for Small Groups

Free Download: 20 Brain Break Activities for Use with Small Groups

Homeschooling - Small Therapy Groups - Scouts - Extra-Curricular Activities

Brain Breaks are short 2-5 minute activities used to help children get the wiggles out during a transition from one activity to another. You might even choose to use one in the middle of a lesson or activity if you feel like the children need a brief break in order to refocus. Set a 2-5 minute timer when beginning a brain break to keep them consistently short and encourage quick active participation.

The other great thing about brain breaks is that while serving their primary purpose of "getting the wiggles out" and helping transition from one activity to the next, they also work on other skills. You'll find brain breaks that use music, balance, gross-motor and physical coordination, teamwork, following directions, imagination and creativity, and self-control. It is a way to build working on important non-academic skills into your schedule without devoting huge amounts of time to them. It is always nice when an activity serves multiple purposes.

These brain breaks have been chosen because they can easily be used with small groups of children in a variety of settings. Many of these will also work with an entire class as well. You need to download the front page and the back page and print them two-sided. The back of the page will give you instructions for each activity.

On the front, there is a symbol on each card. If you see musical notes you will need a music player, or prepare to sing. If you see a box, you will need an item (see list). If you see a hand, you don't need anything at all to do the activity - just willing participants.

Props List:
Keep these supplies handy in a box and you'll have everything you need to do the activities with the box symbol.

• Bean Bags - One per child. (Bean Bag Balance, Penguin Shuffle)
• Paper from a recycling bin. (Snowball Fight)
• Small pillows, or some alternative. (Icebergs!)
• Balloons. (Balloon Sandwich)
• Balls suitable for catching. (Play Catch)
• Straws, Pom-poms, Paper cups or Small boxes (Pom-Pom Race)

Music List:
Grab copies of these songs to use with the musical Brain Breaks. You might buy the mp3, bookmark them on YouTube, burn a Brain Break CD in ITunes, or find another solution that works for you for keeping these songs handy. (Singing will even work in a pinch for a couple of these.)

• Hokey Pokey
• Parade March. Some suggestions include: 76 Trombones, Marines' Hymn, King Cotton March, US Navy March, etc.
• Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes
• Freeze Dance
• Macarena
• Finale from William Tell's Overture
• Hi, My Name Is Joe

Mixed V Printable Speech Worksheet: Color a Position

Practice /v/ in Initial, Medial, and Final Position

Click on the image to open it to full size and then right click to save it to your computer. Print the sheet in color or black and white.

If the child you are working with doesn't have the fine motor control to color in the entire balloon you could color it for them. Another option is to have them put an "X" or check in the balloon in the appropriate color. (An X or checkmark also has the side benefit of speeding up the rate of practice and the consequential number of repetitions.)

You can practice the words in isolation, in pairs, in phrases, or in sentences. You can use the words with or without cues. Adapt the stimuli to the level your student needs to work at.

When you're done, review the words sorted by position for additional simple drill practice. Or, review the words in the order they appear in the balloons (the word positions mixed up) for harder drill practice. Then send the worksheet home for practice.

If you are a parent practicing at home, save the worksheet in a binder to review again another time. You could also hang it on the wall, pin it on the refrigerator, have your child "read" it to a younger or older sibling, or send it to an aunt or grandparent's house for extra practice.

This worksheet was inspired by this free sight word coloring worksheet.

Enjoy!

Back to Basics: Syllable Shape in One-Syllable Words

Learn why it is necessary to control syllable shape in your target words and how.

Why does syllable shape matter when choosing words for speech therapy?

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a neurological speech disorder that disrupts the sequencing, transmission, and execution of the motor-planning commands of speech. For most people, this process is automatic and effortless, but for children with CAS, each sequence must be taught and then practiced over and over again until it becomes automatic.

Think of it this way. Pretend that children with motor-planning problems have a circuit breaker somewhere in their system between their brain and their mouth. If the demands on the circuit are low, the breaker does not trip and the word is produced correctly. If the demands are high, the circuit breaker is overloaded and word production fails.

Words with many sounds are more demanding than words with fewer sounds. Consonants put more stress on the system than vowels. A new sound or sound combination takes more effort (putting more demand on the system) than one that has been practiced many times. As a therapist, you always want to find that balance between stimuli that are demanding enough to teach new skills, but not so demanding that the circuit breaker trips and the student only experiences repeated failure. Controlling syllable shape is one way to create an appropriate list of target words for children with CAS and other children with a motor-planning component to their speech problem.

Children who have no motor-planning problems can learn a new sound like /p/, practice it at the beginning and ends of words, practice it in phrases and sentences, and then use it in conversation. Once taught a /p/, children with a motor-planning component to their speech disorder can say the /p/ in some one-syllable words, but not others. Why? Not all one syllable words are the same.

Understanding Syllable Shape

One-syllable words are words that contain only one vowel. "A" is a one-syllable word. "Springs" is also a one-syllable word. "A" is a one-syllable word comprised of just one vowel sound - /eI/. "Springs" is a one-syllable word comprised of six sounds (five consonants and one vowel) - /s/, /p/, /r/, /I/, /ng/, /z/. One-syllable words are not all created equal. A one-syllable word with 6 sounds has motor-planning requirements that are significantly more demanding than a one-syllable word comprised of only one or two sounds.

One-syllable words can have a variety of syllable shapes. Typically more sounds = more difficult. More consonant blends = more difficult. You can break down the sounds in the words into consonants (C) and vowels (V). There are also R-colored vowels or vocalic R sounds (like in the words car, fur, and air), but we will save discussing those for another time. If there is a vocalic R in your word list and you are working with a child with a severe speech disorder, discard that word for now.

The simplest one-syllable words have a vowel-consonant (VC) or consonant-vowel (CV) shape. Whether you are targeting a consonant or vowel, it is interesting to note that some children may find production easier in a CV context and other children will have an easier time with VC. Experiment to find out which is easier for the child you're working with. Remember that you're working with sounds - not letters. "bee" and "she" are both CV words even though the first is spelled with one consonant and two vowels and the second is spelled with two consonants and one vowel. You are looking for words that are pronounced with only two sounds regardless of how they are spelled.

In terms of complexity of syllable shape, consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words are next. To keep things simple, you want to choose CVC words that include two sounds your child can make and only one target sound. For example, if your child has trouble with /k/ and /n/, and you're targeting /k/, do not choose the word "can". Choose "cab" instead. Another thing to remember when creating a CVC word list is word position. Again, the child may find words with the targeted sound at the beginning of the word more difficult or they may find words with the targeted sound at the end of the word more difficult. Adjust your word list accordingly. Remember to keep your focus on sounds. Words like "ship", "with", "cheat", and "those" are all CVC words.

One-syllable words with consonant blends come next in terms of complexity. If you're working with children who have a severe speech delay I would avoid these for now. Consonant blends are two or more consecutive consonants in the same syllable that are produced in a blended fashion. Your one-syllable word could have one or two consonant blends. CCVC, CVCC, CCVCC, CCCVC, CVCCC, CCCVCC, CCVCCC, and CCCVCCC are all potential one-syllable syllable shapes.

Guidelines for Creating Word Lists by Syllable Shape

1. Include only one target sound in each word. Make sure all the other sounds in the word are in the child's phonemic inventory. (Alternately, accept approximations of the other sounds in the target word.)
2. CV and VC words are the simplest. CVC words are more complex. Work at the highest level of complexity the child can handle to maximize speed of progress and generalization.
3. Avoid words with vocalic /r/ and consonant blends.
4. Experiment with words that include your target sound in initial position and words that include your target sound in final position. A child may find one position easier than the other giving you a starting point for therapy. As soon as possible, mix the word positions together to increase difficulty and improve generalization.
5. Remember to focus on sounds, not letters when searching for words to include in your list. All of your words will be two or three sounds, but may be spelled with more letters.

Moving Beyond CVC Words

If your child has mastered production of your target sound in one-syllable CVC words move to simple two-syllable words or focus on the CVC words in short phrases before trying to work on the sound in consonant blends. The simplest two-syllable syllable shapes are VCV, CVCV, and VCVC.

A useful technique when moving past CVC words is to introduce a simple carrier phrase that is used over and over again with the target words. ("Give me the _____." or "That is my _____.") Another strategy is to find a nursery rhyme, children's song, or children's book that contains some of your target words and use them with the child pausing to let the child fill in the target words at the appropriate times.

Motor-Speech Articulation Method (MSAM)

Controlling syllable shape is one of the fundamental underlying strategies I use when designing the illustrated card sets that are the core of my free and premium speech materials. Other strategies involved in target word selection in the MSAM method include controlling the phonemic complexity of the individual sounds that are the building blocks of the target words and maximizing co-articulation variety.

Mixed K Speech Song: Mucky Mucky Hockey Puck

Somewhere I came across an adorable book of word family songs. They were a collection of songs someone had written to the tune of familiar children's songs designed to work on word families. (Please don't ask me where I found the book. Or when. Or how. As I approach the grand old age of 40 I'm finding these sorts of details more and more difficult to hang on to.) Anyway, the point of this rather tangential story is that I was inspired to create a speech song. This is where you promise to not laugh!

Given that /k/ is apparently the target sound that will never go away in our household, I decided to make a mixed /k/ song my guinea pig. Here you go. It won't be winning a Grammy I suspect, but it should be amusing to little ones while providing a whole new way to work on the /k/ sound in initial, medial, and final position.

You sing the song to the tune of Twinkle Twinkle Little Star. I've provided the printable with a cute blue background and with a more practical white background (below - to save printer ink). Choose whichever you prefer.

Let me know what you think of the idea. Do you like it? Would you enjoy using speech songs during articulation therapy? Would it be worth my time to make some more?

Mixed V Printable Speech Fishing Activity

Practice V in Initial and Final Position While Playing with Speech Fish

Click on the image to open it to full size and then right click to save it to your computer. Print the sheet with a program of your choice on cardstock for durability. You might even want to laminate these. Put a few heavy-duty staples in each fish or put paper clips on them to use them in a fishing game with a magnetic wand.

Children might also enjoy lining the fish up, pretending to feed the fish or feed the fish to another stuffed animal, sorting the fish by color, using the fish to make patterns, or tossing the fish into a pond (small bowl, bucket, or blue piece of paper).

You can practice the words in isolation, in pairs, in phrases, or in sentences. You can use the words with or without cues. Adapt the stimuli to the level your student needs to work at.

This worksheet is modeled after Speech Fish worksheets included in the Simple Vowels Speech Kit and the /S/- Blends Speech Kit.

Enjoy!

Initial H Speech Worksheet

Make classroom teachers happy, reinforce phonics and handwriting, and practice speech all at the same time.

This worksheet is pretty self-explanatory. You might enjoy sliding it into a sheet protector and using dry-erase markers during your session. Then you can use this same sheet all day long. Alternately, at the end of the session, slide it out and let the child take it home for homework.

Younger children will just enjoy identifying the pictures and working on clear initial /h/ sounds while letting you fill in the letter "h" for them. Slightly older students can work on their handwriting and fine motor skills by writing in the letter themselves.

As always, you can practice these words in isolation, in repetitions of two or three, with carrier phrases, or in short sentences. If you're sending the sheet home for homework, write in extra directions if you want the parents to practice at a particular level.

This worksheet is modeled after The Missing Vowel worksheets included in the Simple Vowels Speech Kit.

Enjoy!

Speech Card Set Activity: Simple Speech-Math Games

During my RightStart Math lesson with Michael yesterday I was inspired. I love thinking of new activities that combine speech practice with academic skills. It is even better when the activities are simple and quick to prepare and result in "play" that is heavy on productions.

Simple Speech Card Games - Math Versions

Prep

Print out 5-10 free or premium illustrated speech cards. Write the numbers 1 through 10 on the cards. Prep time if you already have some cards printed - 10 seconds. If you have cards you want to use that you do not want to write on, use removable stickers or small pieces of post-its. Write the numbers on those and stick them to your cards.

Ways to Play

Use 4 or 5 cards with younger children and 10 cards with older kids.

1. Up the stairs. (Or down the stairs.) Mix up the cards. The child must put the cards in order practicing the words as he goes. Then, mix them up again and have the child put the cards in descending order.
   
   
2. Find the swap. Once the cards are in order, ask the child to cover his eyes while you switch two cards around. He has to find the swapped cards. Once found, he says the pair of words that were swapped. He can simply practice a phrase (X and Y) or use the words in a sentence (X and Y were swapped).
   
   
3. Who's Hiding? Have the child close his eyes while you turn one card over. When the child opens his eyes ask which number is hiding. When he turns the card back over, he names the picture on that card.
   
   
4. Who's Missing? Have the child close his eyes while you remove a card and shift the others over so there is no gap. When the child opens his eyes, he must identify the missing card. You return the card to him and he practices the word on it.
   
   

Move It! - A Printable Final N Speech Game

The simple vowels speech kit is done except for final edits. Expect to see it in the Testy Shop Monday morning. This kit is a monstrosity. It is 168 pages with a section for each simple vowel. You are provided with a visual / gestural cue for each vowel. There is a discussion of the characteristics of vowels and consonants and why understanding those characteristics is so important to planning speech therapy from a motor-planing perspective. The vast majority of the kit is, as usual, printable resources to use in your therapy sessions. Each vowel has syllable level worksheets, an illustrated card deck, illustrated minimal pairs, homework sheets at three difficulty levels, a story booklet, and a unique game or activity.

Here is a sneak peek of the game I made for the /u/ section modified for Final /n/.

Final /n/ Speech game: Move It!

Setup

This game comes with four mini card decks (red, blue, green, and yellow). You only need two decks at a time. Choose two decks and place one deck face down on the table. Give a game card to each child. Distribute the other deck between two children and have them place those cards face up on the game board. Tell the children the first person who helps the movers move the cards into the house wins the game. (If you need to play with four children, print an extra copy of the game board page and then use the extra two card sets with another pair of children. After both pairs of children play, have them switch cards for another game with an entirely new set of words.)

Gameplay

The first child chooses a game card from the table and says the word out loud. They then say all the words on their game board looking for the rhyming word. If they find the rhyming pair they move both cards onto the house. If not, they return the card to the table. Then the other child takes a turn. Play continues in this manner until one child moves all their cards into the house.

Roll It!: Printable Initial M Speech Activity

Thanks to the generosity of my parents and my husband, who are doing extra childcare duty, I have been working pretty intensely on preparing a vowel speech kit. One of the activities I created for that kit is a set of printable speech dice. Roll multiple dice at the same time to work on simple phrases or one at a time to work on single words. Here is an Initial M version I modified for you guys to check out.

Initial M Printable Speech Activity: Roll-It!

(Click to open image to full-size then right-click to save to your computer. Then print using a program of your choice.)

Gather some glue and scissors and print this activity on cardstock. Cut out the two dice templates. Fold on the solid lines, glue where indicated, and assemble the dice.

Race to the Top Speech Game - Mixed /d/ Version

I was playing around with the Race to the Top game concept for the new /k/ therapy kit and came up with a picture version of the game. The /k/ therapy kit contains a version of this game that incorporates initial, medial, and final /k/ words.

Here is a free downloadable version of the Race to the Top game that incorporates both initial and final /d/ words. (Click to open image to full-size then right-click to save to your computer. Then print using a program of your choice.)

If you're playing with one child, use tokens or chips to cover words from the bottom up on the towers (as that tower's number is rolled on the die) until one tower reaches the top. Then the child can color that flag. Play again to see if they can color a different flag. When you run out of time, send it home so they can play at home until all the flags have been colored.

If you're playing with a group, give each child a small game piece to put at the bottom of the tower of their choice. They take turns rolling the die, moving their pieces, and practicing the words until one player reaches the top. Then you can clear the game board and play again. Happy Halloween!

Simple Communication With Teachers and Parents

Rebecca at Adventures in Speech Pathology designed simple reminder strips to communicate with classroom teachers and parents. Simply download the free template and print the strips in advance. Then, at the end of each session fill out the strips with the students and send them back to the classroom. Tell the child to either give the strip to their teacher or to put it in their cubby/school bag. Or, give the child two strips and have them do both. It is a great way to communicate what you're working on to other adults in the child's life and perhaps recruit some helpers for additional speech practice.

Another Simple DIY Speech Warm-up Teachers Will Thank You For

Here's another perfect blend of phonics and speech that is a great activity for working on final consonants and word families at the same time. (See the last one here.) This will only take you 5-10 minutes to make from materials you'll already have around.

Gather

1 piece of cardstock or construction paper
1 piece of regular copy/printer paper
marker or sharpie
stapler
craft tape (optional)

Assemble

Quarter-fold the cardstock and paper and cut into fourths. Decide if you want your mini flipbook to have six or eight pages. If you want six pages, put three pieces of paper on top of one piece of cardstock. If you want eight pages, put four pieces of paper on top of one piece of cardstock. Then fold that pile in half and put three staples in the fold line to hold it together. If you like, put a piece of craft tape over the outer fold to cover the staples and make your mini flipbook look "bound". Next, cut the inner pages once so that the right half is 2/3 of the book's length and the left half is 1/3 of the book's length.

Now you have a blank flipbook to fill out. Choose 6-8 word families that have your target sound as their final sound. For final /k/ I used: -ack, -ake, -ick, -ock, -oke, and -uck. Write these on the right-hand pages of your flipbook. Then write 6-8 beginning consonant sounds on the left-hand pages of your flipbook. I chose six early emerging sounds to keep the focus on the more difficult, targeted, final sound. My six initial consonants were: /p, b, t, d, m, n/. As you use the flipbook, some combinations will make real words and others will make nonsense words. That is fine. Now write your target sound on the cover and you're ready to go.

Inspiration found here. Follow the link for 10 different games to play with phonics flipbooks.